With the invitation of one of their border states to the [GER.GetFactionName], the Soviet government has warned in no unclear terms against further interference in the affairs of 'their sphere of influence'.Uncomfirmed reports have indicated a mobilization of the Soviet military forces, possibly preparing for war. Through a combination of blockships, demolitions, and mining, the destruction is quite complete, and will likely take months of extensive industrial effort to repair. Unlike with some other nations, naval units are not essential elements of success if youre controlling Germany. Doing that can backfire later on because many progression paths for Germany involve getting into a war with the Soviet Union. As such, the entire French fleet has been scuttled, in order to keep it out of German hands. Contents 1 Geography 2 Events 3 National focus 4 Technology 4.1 Designers, concerns and theorists 4.2 Equipment variants 4.3 Cosmetic names 5 Politics 5.1 National spirits 5.2 Diplomacy I know most people are too lazy go search for credible sources, but at least read Wiki ffs. As the [From.GetOldAdjective] nation grows into its neighbours, the government has re-evaluated their departure from the Rattanakosin name. All rights reserved. If you spot a mistake then you are welcome to fix it. Deploy the close air support units when you are locked in a struggle. In a terrible tragedy, the Hindenburg was destroyed today while attempting to dock in London. TNO Custom Super Event: Holy Russian Empire defeats Germany - YouTube 0:00 / 1:36 TNO Custom Super Event: Holy Russian Empire defeats Germany Klaus Adler 159 subscribers Subscribe 4.6K Share. Lets discuss them in greater detail below. Following an explosion at the Fhrer Headquarters which miraculously only slightly injured Hitler and wounded several others, army units attempted to seize control of several government offices in Berlin. Lining up plans in saarland? Measures to counter it must be, and have been taken at once. All trademarks are property of their respective owners in the US and other countries.
News events WtT - Hearts of Iron 4 Wiki - Paradox Wikis Italian events - Hearts of Iron 4 Wiki - Paradox Wikis 'We had no other choice'. As a result, in an attempt to rally the people behind the state, there has been an increase in pan-nationalist propaganda with clear support from the government.A [From.GetOldAdjective] official was quoted as saying "The Nordic countries have always felt a strong kinship to each other. We can undoubtedly expect further destruction on this scale until we end this war. Saarbrcken (German pronunciation: [zabkn] (); French: Sarrebruck; Rhine Franconian: Saarbrigge [zab]; Luxembourgish: Saarbrcken [zabekn]; Latin: Saravipons, lit. The Nazis have grown more fanatical and desperate as we advance, often fighting until the surrounding areas lies in ruins. Also known as German Republic, German Reich and Socialist Republic of Germany. As such, the entire French fleet has fallen into German hands, intact. Information, Frequently Asked The MEFO Bills is a National Spirit for Germany that you will want to use early inside the game. Best. Use the MEFO Bills to build the fuel silos and synthetic refineries you will need. This is a list of all Waking the Tiger events from They are the ones youll need the most. The German Empire was proclaimed on January 18, 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles in the aftermath of the 1871 Franco-Prussian War. Since this is a HOI4 Germany guide, lets take this opportunity to discuss some of the standout features of the nation inside the game. Its incredibly important for you to set up a solid infrastructural base as the German leader. Just going to say this after 56 posts. The Danubian successor states to the Austro-Hungarian Empire have recently undergone a wave of pro-Imperial sentiment, and, under the leadership of [From.GetOldNameDef], have now elected to unify their respective countries once more into Austria-Hungary.The new Austro-Hungarian government immediately took steps to sign a formal treaty of alliance with the German Empire, openly giving their support to the German anti-British and anti-French foreign policy. Holy Roman Empire events are events for the emperor or the princes of the HRE. So, what about the Rhineland branch? Well, the MEFO Bills are going to help with that. All continental foes that would challenge her rule have been brought to their knees by the [From.GetOldAdjective] military machine, leaving her unopposed to pursue her policies further.Now, the Kaiserin has decreed that the current opportunity shall be seized, and that the nation shall become the spiritual successor of the Holy Roman Empire. As international disagreements have been 'solved' through the outright removal of obstinate foreign governments through military means, Arab unification has seemed within easy reach, and the [From.GetOldAdjective] government has already shown its willingness to pursue this goal.Whether merely to 'ride the wave' of this public goodwill, to appeal as a home to all Arabs, or simply to facilitate regional integration, [From.GetOldAdjective] officials have now confirmed that the nation's official name shall be changed to '[From.GetNameDef]'. You can choose from running either a full-fledged single-player campaign or a tutorial campaign. With the conquest of all of lands belonging to the Baltic states, the [From.GetOldAdjective] government has now begun increasing moves towards integration of the newly-conquered territories. The AI does also use these decisions. Developing all types of units is an option, but it can be a detrimental strategy in this game. A sudden Wehrmacht coup, led by the famed Field Marshal August von Mackensen, has triggered a civil war in Germany early this morning. The fights between the internal factions inside the Communist Party of China seem to have died down, with [PRC.GetLeader] emerging as the paramount leader. Following a specific National Focus path will require investing a significant amount of those Political Points you earn regularly in the game. Information, Frequently Asked The Unification of the two countries, however has been meet with concerning eyes, as the French and English view this as a direct violation of the Treaty of Versailles. Through force of arms, [From.GetOldName] has united the Scandinavian peoples under its rule, and its government is now integrating the newly-conquered territories. Reports by western observers indicate that a brawl broke out between Chinese Police and a group of Japanese sailors, in which both sides suffered some injuries. /Hearts of Iron IV/events/WTT_NewsEventstxt. It seems that the ultimate conclusion of over five centuries of Greco-Turkish conflict has now been reached.To further bolster national pride, the [From.GetOldAdjectiveCap] government has utilized historical continuity, and styled their military achievements as a 'Byzantine reconquest against the Turkic invader'. Emperor Hirohito himself, has released a brief statement assuming the leadership offered to him by the rebels, and made clear overtures of reconciliation with China and the Western colonial powers in the Pacific. For a version where the AI does not use them go here: Battlesound - Sound Modification (Updated). Light cruisers will be helpful because they can serve well as escort ships.
Steam Workshop::HOI 4 German - Steam Community Paradox has added the option to prevent new guarantees as a base function when starting a new game -- you don't need the DLC to use it. It is only natural that they should be unified, especially in light of the threats on our borders. A German operation to annex Vichy France, launched earlier this week, has since been completed successfully. Lets make things simpler by going through the military forces and highlighting the units you should invest in. [AST.GetNameDef] Seeks Distance from Commonwealth, [AST.GetNameDef] and New Zealand "United", [SAF.GetNameDef] assumes responsibility for African colonies, [ENG.GetNameDef] reorganizes African colonies, Indian National Congress triumphs in Provincial Elections, Swaraj Movement makes gains in Provincial Elections, [From.GetCallsign] Killed Over [From.GetMissionRegion], [From.GetFullName] Shot Down By [Prev.GetCallsign], [From.GetFullName] Shot Down [Prev.GetCallsign], [Root.GetLeader] Abandons Neutral Foreign Policy, Trial of the Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Center, [yalta_partner.GetNameDef] Refuses to Participate, [From.GetNameDef] Demands the Sudetenland, [From.GetNameDef] Refuses us the Sudetenland, [Root.GetLeader] Speaks Against [From.GetName], [Root.GetLeader] Denounces [From.GetAdjective] Ideals, [Root.GetLeader] Warns Against [From.GetAdjective] Communism, [Root.GetName] Prepares for Great Struggle, [Root.GetLeader] Brings Revolution to [From.GetName], [Root.GetLeader] Calls to Aid [From.GetAdjective] Workers, [Root.GetLeader] Calls for Crushing [From.GetAdjective] Nationalism, Diplomacy with [From.GetName] Breaks Down, [Root.GetLeader] Calls for Intervention in [From.GetName], [Root.GetLeader] Speaks Against Red Menace, [Root.GetLeader] Confronts [From.GetAdjective] Fascism, [Root.GetLeader] Calls for War Against [From.GetName], [Root.GetLeader] Challenges [From.GetAdjective] Pretensions, [Root.GetLeader] Wants to Restore Order in [From.GetName], [Root.GetLeader] Calls Out [From.GetAdjective] Oppressors, [Root.GetLeader] Questions [From.GetAdjective] Sovereignty, [Root.GetLeader] Questions the Motives of [From.GetName], [Root.GetLeader] Angered by [From.GetAdjective] Posturing, [Root.GetLeader] Advocates Invasion of [From.GetName], [From.GetLeader] Speaks Against [Root.GetName], [From.GetLeader] Denounces [Root.GetAdjective] Ideals, [From.GetLeader] Warns Against [Root.GetAdjective] Communism, [From.GetName] Prepares for Great Struggle, [From.GetLeader] Bring Revolution to [Root.GetName], [From.GetLeader] Calls to Aid [Root.GetAdjective] Workers, [From.GetLeader] Calls for Crushing [Root.GetAdjective] Nationalism, Diplomacy with [Root.GetName] Breaks Down, [From.GetLeader] Calls for Intervention in [Root.GetName], [From.GetLeader] Speaks Against Red Menace, [From.GetLeader] Confronts [Root.GetAdjective] Fascism, [From.GetLeader] Calls for War Against [Root.GetName], [From.GetLeader] Challenges [Root.GetAdjective] Pretensions, [From.GetLeader] Wants to Restore Order in [Root.GetName], [From.GetLeader] Calls Out [Root.GetAdjective] Oppressors, [From.GetLeader] Questions [Root.GetAdjective] Sovereignty, [From.GetLeader] Questions the Motives of [Root.GetName], [From.GetLeader] Angered by [Root.GetAdjective] Posturing, [From.GetLeader] Advocates Invasion of [Root.GetName], [Root.GetLeader] Criticized for Weak Foreign Policy, [From.GetNameDef] seeks to join [SOV.GetNameDef], [From.From.GetName] has declared war on [From.GetName], [From.GetName] intervenes in war against [being_attacked.GetName], [From.GetNameWithFlag] gains Puppet (focus) war goal against [Root.GetName].
Germany Country Tag | HOI4 Cheats In response to vehement Anglo-French opposition to the return of Wilhelm II as Kaiser, the German government has proposed a compromise wherein Wilhelm II will continue to live in exile, but his son will assume the German throne as Wilhelm III.Having been accepted by [ENG.GetNameDef] and [FRA.GetNameDef], it is hoped this will lead to enduring peace between the great European powers. As their present borders more and more resemble those from the kingdom's historical high-point, the achievements of the Rattanakosin Kingdom have been increasingly used to influence public opinion.Today, the [From.GetOldAdjective] government has taken this one step further and officially re-named the country to '[From.GetNameDef]' in an attempt to draw legitimacy from history. It is only natural that they should be unified, and that our peoples should coexist side by side, as one." German radio announced today that traitorous elements of the military have attempted a coup. A guide for HoI4 La Rsistance as Germany and the German Empire, now with 34% more bearable audio!Following the steps laid out in this guide will allow you to easily form the German Empire and restore the Holy Roman Empire as Germany!I upload new video's frequently, so subscribe for more regular content! You can either try a single-player or a multiplayer campaign. To settle this let`s remember HOI 4's loading screen quotes: "The new German Panther and Tiger can be used until they broken down without trying to repair them. moveunit [unit id] [province id] This command moves the specified unit to the specified province. Picking up those National Focus branches will give you a stronger base to work with once more battles get underway. Make sure you have a mid-sized fleet of light cruisers ready to go. Interactive corporate website. Expanded Technology + Industry + Equipment. Well if you want to nerf german production to more realistic level maybe then give them a massiv doctrinal advantage? A new alliance, the Central European Alliance, has been formed and, with time, will hopefully be able to provide its members with protection against what the Germans call "unbridled Soviet aggression". Valve Corporation. Tactical bombers should be used to attack smaller nations. Questions, Paradox In both types of campaigns, the AI will be in charge of controlling the other nations. [CHI.GetLeader] has refused to comment on the issue, saying only that the Nationalist armies stand ready to defend China from any attacker. Germany's Military Units Managing your military properly is obviously crucial in a game like Hearts of Iron 4. This is a list of all Italy 's events (from /Hearts of Iron IV/events/Italy.txt ). The Philippines (Spanish: Filipinas, Tagalog: Pilipinas), officially known as the Commonwealth of the Philippines (Spanish: Commonwealth de Filipinas, Tagalog: Kmonwlt ng Pilipinas) is an archipelagic state in Southeast Asia consisting of over 7500 islands. The civil war has almost no repercussions. Forge deals that will enable you to make up for your shortages as soon as possible. Later in the day, the old Kaiser's motorcade passed the Dutch-German border, and upon his return to Berlin he was ceremoniously reinstated as Kaiser of the German Empire.The Kaiser has already vowed to see Germany returned to its old greatness, but it remains to be seen which direction the nation will take with its diplomacy. In single players games, that boost is less helpful. Since pro-imperial sentiment is quite high in our respective nations, they claim that it would be in the best interests of everyone to unite our nations. Through a combination of blockships, demolitions, and mining, the destruction is quite complete, and will likely take months of extensive industrial effort to repair. All trademarks are property of their respective owners in the US and other countries. This item has been removed from the community because it violates Steam Community & Content Guidelines. This page was last edited on 5 April 2021, at 08:07. In a surprise announcement yesterday morning, the German government officially lifted the exile on Wilhelm II. Following his arrest by [CHI_xian_instigator.GetLeader], Chiang Kai-Shek has reportedly been killed by a communist firing squad earlier this morning. It's at least easy to find and somewhat believable regarding most topics - WW2 included.
In light of increased perceived Soviet aggression, the [GER.GetName] has offered "states under immediate threat from communism" a chance to form an alliance against the [SOV.GetName]. Reportedly, the confrontation was set off by an incident in the Imperial Household, in which a Japanese General supposedly insulted the Emperor of Manchukuo by demanding that he bow.Outraged, [MAN.GetLeader] replied that "The Son of Heaven does not bow" and struck the General with his cane, before ordering his military to remove all Japanese soldiers from Chinese soil immediately. Reportedly, the two leaders discussed the possibility of forming a United Front against Japan.Whether this breakdown leads to a renewal of the conflict between the two parties remains to be seen. Norway at War, a Norwegian Focus and Flavor mod, (Almost) No Experience for Division Design (1.10), Alternate Hitler Portrait (Hitler did nothing wrong edition). Speaking before a group of supporters, [From.GetLeader] today announced a major shift in his government. I think he is talking about the alternate rout becoming the German EMpire as a monarchy, there are many things even hidden like reforming the HRE or restoring AUstria hungary and annexing plus coring them.
r/hoi4 on Reddit: How to Get Victoria On The German Throne (without With a tremendous industrial effort [From.GetNameDef] has managed to repair the Suez Canal.
r/hoi4 on Reddit: What happens if you don't hang the Nazi's after Even a direct intervention by the representative of the Soviet Government was not enough to save his life. [From.GetOldAdjectiveCap] ascendancy has perplexed many military experts across the globe, but the results speak for themselves. [CAN.GetNameDef] Joins [GER.GetAdjective]-led Alliance! Considering itself the lawful successor to the Federal Republic of Central America, it has branded the nations that seceded in the late 1830s as illegal separatist governments, and consistently refers to the recent fighting as their rightful attempts at 'reasserting control' over these territories.Following through on their words, the [From.GetOldAdjective] government has renamed the country to '[From.GetNameDef]', and large propaganda efforts are already under way in an attempt at unifying the people, using current global crises as an external threat to rally against. That means they are incapable of losing their major status while a war is raging inside the game. A plebiscite held yesterday saw the Austrian people vote overwhelmingly in favor of unification with their northern neighbours.Integration of the Austrian state has been pushed forward immediately, and the old state was abolished this morning. Subscribed?Subscribe: shorturl.at/agnAQI do not own any of the games, all rights are reserved by their respective companies.Paradox games: Copyright 2016-2020 Paradox Interactive AB. German events 2 - Hearts of Iron 4 Wiki German events 2 This is a community maintained wiki. MEFO Bills will provide 25 percent boosts to the construction speeds of your air bases, naval bases, naval dockyards, and military factories. Note: This is ONLY to be used to report spam, advertising, and problematic (harassment, fighting, or rude) posts. In response to the German decision to allow the return of Wilhelm II, [FRA.GetNameDef] and [Eng.GetNameDef] have declared war on [GER.GetNameDef]. Go kick allied butt then bring the pain to the reds. However, German forces were unable to take control of the naval base at Toulon before orders to scuttle the French fleet could be sent out. For this article, we will be focusing on the German Reich. Most important Mods to make the game more Funny . If youre playing as Germany, you may also be able to enter a war inside the game earlier. A nation following the ideology of fascism inside the Hearts of Iron 4 can send volunteer forces to other countries. Tragedy struck [CHI.GetNameDef] earlier today as a plane carrying Chiang Kai-Shek exploded in mid-air mere moments after take-off. Those resources will be crucial for the purposes of building up your nation and strengthening your forces inside the game. This is a community maintained wiki. Henceforth, what was previously a small rebel group hiding in remote mountain villages will become a full-fledged government in a People's Republic of China. Italian-German Technology Treaty - Rejected! At the very start of your Germany campaign, your top priority should be improving your industrial infrastructure. German events - Hearts of Iron 4 Wiki German events This is a community maintained wiki.
HOI4 Germany Guide: Everything You Need to Know - ViaTravelers That should further drive home just how important it is to select the right one. A variety of 'experts', presumably on the government payroll, have already begun repeatedly citing the current political situation as the only way to "prevent future European conflict".In further efforts to give the outward appearance of a "nation for all Europeans", government reforms on the national and the local level are being pushed through at an impressive rate, and as a part of those it was announced today that the country shall henceforth be known as '[From.GetNameDef]', so that "all Europeans may feel welcome in it". Operation Barbarosa was Hitler doing to the Soviets what the Soviets did to Germany. on Paradox technology, Legal You need to consistently build throughout the early portion of the campaign or else rival nations are going to leave you in the dust once the battles begin. Since the close allied cooperation of [AUS.GetNameDef] and [GER.GetNameDef] began, pro-unification sentiment has risen dramatically in Austria. 129. Hope you're having fun playing this game. [From.GetName] Refuses to Join [Root.GetFactionName], [From.GetName] Is Influencing Our Politics, [From.GetName] seeks to join the [Root.GetFactionName], [alliance_inviter.GetName] welcomes us to the [alliance_inviter.GetFactionName], [alliance_inviter.GetName] denies request to join the [alliance_inviter.GetFactionName], [alliance_applicant.GetName] joins the [alliance_inviter.GetFactionName], [From.GetName] invites [Root.GetName] to the [From.GetFactionName], [alliance_applicant.GetName] accepts invitation to the [alliance_inviter.GetFactionName], [alliance_applicant.GetName] rejects offer to join the [alliance_inviter.GetFactionName], Friedrich Franz assumes the Hungarian Crown, [From.From.GetName] Rejects Hungarian Demands, Hungary Claims Overlordship over Slovakia. Last up, Germany HOI4 also features MEFO Bills as a National Spirit. The provisional governtment has now announced that it is necessary to secure their hold over the state and ensure the return of stability to the nation, before there can be any though of embarking on a process of constitutional reforms. In light of [From.GetNameDef]'s current weakness, it is perhaps no surprise the [JAP.GetAdjective] have increased pressure for control over the [From.GetAdjective] east asian holdings. Being in control of those factories to start gives you a leg up on many competing nations. The Four Year Plan branch should be your priority because it improves your industry and allows you to build fort lines around the European continent. allow you to further fortify your nations military, Is Germany Socialist? This mod makes it so a event triggers at the beginning of your game that allows you to add a buff to yourself, everyone, or no one that makes it so that any state owned by the person with the buff has the max amount of building slots unlocked. Valve Corporation. Updated for 1.12.5 "Avalanche" - ironman incompatiable (no achievements). A number of Wehrmacht generals have rallied behind the well-known Field Marshall August von Mackensen, who had put in motion plans aiming to depose Hitler, and to remove the Nazi party from Germany.With the split in the German high command becoming clearly apparent even abroad, foreign powers have elected not to protest against the remilitarization, more concerned with the growing internal German instability. Step 3: You must go down the Expatriate the Communists route, and accept British Naval Dominance to build relations with them. Nazi Expulsion Takes Heavy Toll on [From.From.GetName], [From.GetName] Proposes Imperial Reintegration, The Re-formation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, https://hoi4.paradoxwikis.com/index.php?title=German_events_2&oldid=44595, Play The Bitter Loser National Spirit can be helpful because it allows Germany to start creating factions. Please see the. Beis Luggage Review: Are They Worth the Price ? Following his arrest by [CHI_xian_instigator.GetLeader], Chiang Kai-Shek has reportedly been killed by a Communist firing squad earlier this morning. The achievements of the Great Zimbabwean Empire have been strongly romanticized, but incessant propaganda seems to be having an effect on public opinion.Today, the [From.GetOldAdjective] government has taken this one step further and re-named the country to '[From.GetNameDef]', an announcement that was greeted by exuberant crowds in the streets of the major cities.
HOI4 Endsieg 1914 German empire World conquest - YouTube 93 rliant1864 4 yr. ago Democratic Germany gets the same event.
1.7 Italian-German Technology Treaty - Rejected! event "Assassination attempt on [GER.GetLeader]". Viewed? The French cite the 'flagrant German obstinacy' in allowing a 'known war criminal' to become head of state once again as the cause of this escalation.Spokesmen of the French government argue that it is utterly immoral to allow the 'key instigator' of the Great War to assume the German Crown once again, and that the German government has ignored all warnings. The mod replaces the allied ranks, with the German ranks. Now, lets talk more about running a campaign with Germany inside the game. The German people celebrated throughout all of Germany and chanted Grodeutschland. Government-directed propaganda has flared up, extolling the "glorydays of the Empire" in a clear effort to rally the population behind the wide-spread national reforms and a return to imperial norms.As a part of these, the [From.GetOldAdjective] government has announced the restoration of [From.GetNameDef], and has changed the nation's official name to reflect this. The French and British cite the 'flagrant German obstinacy' in allowing a 'known war criminal' to become head of state once again as the cause of this escalation.Spokesmen of their respective governments argue that it is utterly immoral to allow the 'key instigator' of the Great War to assume the German Crown once again, and that the German government has ignored all warnings. You then get an event after some time that has an option "Lesser German Solution was a mistake" or something. All rights reserved.
German events 2 - Hearts of Iron 4 Wiki - Paradox Wikis Similar to submarines, naval bombers should be used to disrupt transactions. All that said, this HOI4 Germany guide still recommends investing in the development of at least 2 naval units. The units youll need are light cruisers and submarines. Diving into the game enables players to have fun while also learning more about Germany and important events in the nations history, albeit in a more unorthodox way.
You will want to have them on standby as you facilitate trades during tense times.
German Empire | The Kaiserreich Wiki | Fandom Given that up to 32 players can take part in a single Hearts of Iron 4 multiplayer game, theres also an element of unpredictability inherent to each campaign.
Full-fledged single-player campaigns are not going to feature much in the way of hand-holding so be prepared for that. [CAN.GetNameDef] Seeks Immediate Patriation. Tensions between China and Japan have risen sharply after a clash in Shanghai last night. With the Nationalists in full retreat, the Communist Party has at last secured victory after decades of strife. Go read up history and come back again when you have the factual ones. In but a few years, the Greeks have utterly dominated the Balkans, reconquered Istanbul, and crushed any organized Turkish resistance in Anatolia. Interactive corporate website, August von Mackensen becomes leader for the, Heinrich Himmler becomes leader of the fascist party, Transdanubia (155) State is now a core of, Northern Hungary (43) State is now a core of, Eastern Sudetenland (74) State is now a core of, Western Slovakia (70) State is now a core of, Southern Slovakia (664) State is now a core of, Eastern Slovakia (71) State is now a core of, Carpathian Ruthenia (73) State is now a core of, Upper Austria (152) State is now a core of.
How to annex Austria (Not Austro-Hungary) as German Empire? Contents 1 id 1 - 20 1.1 Anschluss 1.2 Anti-Comintern Pact 1.3 The Tripartite Pact 1.4 The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact Type the name or ID of an event into the search box to instantly filter all events. That lack of resources is precisely why we recommend focusing on your industry and infrastructure when you start the campaign. [From.GetName] Joins the [Root.GetFactionName]! Also known as German Republic, German Reich and Socialist Republic of Germany. 3 Further events. While [GER.GetLeader] claims he has full control of the country and its military, reports are still coming in of firefights between loyalists and rebel forces all over the country.Rumor has it that other leading members of the Nazi party are planning their own grab for power in the chaos. Doesn't like the previous Kaiser, the Kaiser Wilhelm II is very active in German affair, he promote an aggressive expansion through Weltpolitik what he called "The Place in the Sun", against Bismack's Realpolitik.